Physic Experiment!!

Refraction

Refraction is the change direction of light or light turning.
Example of refraction in our daily life are:
-When we drop a pipe to glass that content water, we see the pipe like broken.
-When we catch a fish in aquarium, the fish position is not at the position we see.

Picture: The pipe had a refraction in the water
It seems like broken

Medium Refraction Index

Medium Refraction Index is equivalent of light speed in empty gas space with light speed in a medium. The formula is

  n = c/cn

Willebrod Snell (1581 – 1626), a mathematic scientist, through many experiment he did found relation between coming light and refracted light that known by the law of Snellius, that is:

Coming light, normal line, and refracted light located in 1 flat area
The projection equivalent of coming light projection and refracted light at border area between 2 medium is permanent numeral. The permanent numeral definite to refraction index.

Base by the law of Snellius, medium refraction index can found by the projection equivalent of coming light and light refraction light projection at 2 medium border area.

The formula is:
  n = D’o/B’o

Details:

The cut point of coming light and refraction light at medium border area become the middle point of circle (o). When cut point coming light circle side (D) and refracted light (B) Projected into border area, so D’o is the projection of coming light (Do) and B’o is projection of refracted light (Bo). With this, the medium refraction index formed like in slide before.

Characteristic of Light Refraction

To understand the refraction of light direction while through border area between 2 medium, so we use the characteristic of refracted light that is:

1. Coming light from close less into more close medium will refracted nearly normal line. With this, refraction angle (r) will more small than coming angle (i). 

2. The light come perpendicular border area so not have direction changes (not refracted but just directed).

3. Coming light from more close medium to close less medium will refracted more far from normal line. With this, the refracted angle (r) will be bigger than coming angle (i).

Light Refraction through Lens

Lens is a trasparent thing that are limited using two bending surface, or one bended and one isn’t. There are two type of lens, convex and concave.

Convex Lens

Convex Lens is a lens that the center of the lens is thinner than its side. Convex lens consist of three kinds of shapes : Biconvex lens, Planconvex lens, and Concave Convex lens. Convex lens is the same as positive lens. Convex lens can gather lights (convergent).

Like a mirror, lens has three special light, too. Those are:
-Incoming light parallel with the main fuse are refracted through the focus point.
-Incoming light through focus point are refracted parallel the main fuse.
-Incoming light through the main point of the lens are going without refraction.

Refraction in Convex lens:

Concave lens

Concave lens is a lens that its center are thicker than its side. Concave lens consist of three kind, Biconcave, Planconcave, and Convex Concave. Concave lens is the same as negative lens. Concave lens can spread lights (divergent).

Like a convex lens, concave lens is also has three special light:
-Incoming light parallel with main fuse are refracted like its coming from the focus point.
-Incoming light to the focus point are refracted parallel with the main fuse.

-Incoming light from the center lens’ point are going without refraction.

 The refraction that made from concave lens are always Invisible, not reversed, and smaller.

Kinds of onvex and concave lenses: 

Photo Sources:

Ma own photos, some made by myself. ^^

Best Regards,

 

Sherly Ok ^^